: > ft  W 


'-V 


SKETCH  o"  the 
iMOY  MISSION 
CHINA 


OF  THE 

REFORMED 
CHURCH  IN  AMERICA 
NEW  YORK 
1906 


QUltna  for  (Eliriat 


“ Lo,  these  shall  come  from  far;  and  lo,  these 
from  the  north  and  from  the  west;  and  these 
from  the  land  of  Sinim.”  Isaiah. 

“ It  is  a great  step  towards  the  Christianization 
of  our  planet  if  Christianity  gain  entrance  into 
China.”  Neander  in  1850. 

“ This  mysterious  race,  with  the  Anglo-Saxons 
and  the  Russians,  will  divide  the  earth  a hundred 
years  hence.  Three  empires  fill  the  vision  of 
the  future — the  United  States,  Russia  and 
China”  Speer. 

“Asia  is  now  the  field.  The  coming  question 
will  be  Asiatic.  It  may  come  with  the  youngest 
and  the  oldest  civilizations — the  United  States 
and  China — face  to  face.”  London  Times. 

The  hope  for  China  is  “in  the  miraculous 
spread  of  Christianity.  ” Sir  Robert  Hai  t in  1900. 

“China  has  made  more  progress  during  the 
past  five  years  than  any  nation  on  the  face  of  the 
earth.”  A.  H.  Smith  in  1906. 

“The  present  outlook  in  China  is  ‘never  so 
hopeful,’  but  it  is  a critical  time.”  W.  A.  R. 
Martin,  quoted  at  banquet  to  Imperial  Commis- 
sioners, New  York,  1906. 

“The  greatest  opportunity  which  has  con- 
fronted Christendom  since  the  Reformation,  if  not 
since  the  coming  of  Christ.”  Bishop  Ba.shford 
in  1906. 


THE  AMOY  MISSION, 

CHINA. 


BY 

Rev.  a.  L.  WARNSHUIS. 


Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  R.  C.  A. 

25  EAST  22D  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 

1906. 


WHERE  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IS 
WORKING  IN  CHINA. 


BY  REV.  A.  L.  WARNSHUIS. 


Of  the  provinces  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  China, 
Fukien  is  next  to  the  most  southern.  “ Happily 
Established  ” is  the  meaning  of  the  two  charac- 
ters, Fukien.  It  covers  an  area  of  38,500  square 
miles,  which  is  about  the  size  of  Virginia,  or 
about  two-thirds  as  large  as  Michigan.  Its  popu- 
lation is  estimated  at  22,190,000,  or  574  per  square 
mile.  Compared  with  the  whole  state  of  New 
York,  its  population  is  more  than  three  times  as 
large;  and  it  is  almost  ten  times  more  than  the 
population  of  Michigan.  In  the  Empire  of  China, 
since  Formosa  was  added  to  Japan  at  the  close  of 
the  war  in  1895,  Fukien  is  the  smallest  of  all  the 
provinces,  and  it  is  also  the  most  densely  settled. 
The  land  is  almost  entirely  hilly  or  mountainous, 
and  a German  writer  calls  Fukien  “the  Chinese 
Switzerland.”  The  Chinese  have  a saying,  in 
rhyme,  “Under  all  heaven  there  is  nothing  com- 
parable to  Fukien.” 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America,  by  agree- 
ment with  the  Missionary  Boards  of  other  church  es, 
has  assumed  the  responsibility  for  the  evangeli- 
zation of  about  one-third  of  the  southern  half  of 
this  province.  The  districts  assigned  to  us  lie  in 
the  two  prefectures  of  Chiaug-chiu  and  Chin-chiu, 
and  have  an  estimated  population  of  3,000,000. 


4 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


A portion  of  this  Reformed  Clinrcli  territory  lies 
north  of  the  port  of  Amoy,  including  almost  all 
the  county  of  Tong-an,  hut  the  greater  part  of 
it  lies  west  from  Amoy  in  the  shape  of  a great 
triangle,  spreading  out  as  one  goes  farther  in- 
land, and  extending  to  the  borders  of  the  prov- 
ince. These  districts  are  among  the  most  fertile 
and  prosperous  in  South  Fukien.  The  Chiang- 
ehiu  and  Sio-khe  valleys  are  ever  green  with  ver- 
dure. Clumps  of  graceful,  overhanging  bamboo 
line  the  streams  and  cover  the  hills.  Wide- 
spreading  banyans  and  fruitful  mango  and  lychee 
trees  shade  the  numerous  villages.  Great  stretches 
of  ricefields,  sugar  cane  and  tobacco  plantations 
and  banana  groves  give  variety  to  the  landscape. 
The  lofty  hills  are  terraced  almost  to  the  very 
top,  yet  tlie  area  of  arable  land  is  insufficient  for 
the  support  of  the  inhabitants.  The  farms  are 
small,  not  averaging  more  than  two  or  three 
acres,  and  they  are  cultivated  with  the  utmost 
diligence.  Two  and  three  crops  a year  are  gath- 
ered from  the  same  piece  of  ground.  No  sooner 
is  one  crop  ripened  and  garnered  than  another 
croj)  is  put  in.  Tobacco,  hemp  and  sugar  cane 
are  often  planted  together  in  one  field  at  the  same 
time,  the  products  being  gathered  in  order  just 
as  the  succeeding  crop  has  grown  large  enough 
to  overshadow  the  preceding  one.  The  farms 
and  gardens  are  kept  surprisingly  free  from 
weeds. 

Cities  and  Towns. — The  principal  cities  in 
South  Fukien  are  Amoy,  Chiang-chiu  and  Chin- 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


5 


chill.  Amoy  Avas  one  of  the  first  five  ports  opened 
to  Western  commerce  hy  the  treaty  of  1842.  It 
is  beautifully  situated  on  an  island,  and  has  an 
excellent  harbor  which  is  one  of  the  most  pic- 
turesque on  the  China  coast.  In  the  harbor  lies 
the  small  island  of  Kolongsu,  of  about  three  miles 
in  circumference,  on  Avhich  the  foreign  population 
lives,  and  AAdiich  has  been  made  an  international 
settlement,  governed  by  a Municipal  Council 
chosen  by  the  foreign  residents.  The  population 
of  the  city  of  Amoy  is  at  least  200,000.  It  has 
been  the  centre  of  a foreign  trade  for  nearly  two 
hundred  years.  Its  trade  with  the  United  States 
consists  largely  in  lily  bulbs,  and  in  Formosa  tea, 
and  in  the  imports  of  kerosene  oil  and  fiour. 

Chiang-chiu,  on  the  West  river,  thirty  miles 
west  of  Amoj’,  Avith  a population  of  200,000,  is 
the  capital  of  a large  prefecture,  and  the  centre 
of  a large  inland  trade.  From  the  hills  in  the 
city,  seAmral  hundred  villages,  with  an  uncounted 
population,  can  be  seen  on  the  vast  plain  sur- 
rounding it.  Until  1905,  annual  government 
examinations  were  held  here,  bringing  thousands 
of  students  to  the  city  from  all  parts  of  the  pre- 
fecture. According  to  the  new  educational 
scheme,  it  will  continue  to  be  an  important  centre 
of  learning,  for  it  will  be  the  seat  of  the  gOAmrn- 
ment  Middle  School. 

Chin-chin,  sixty  miles  north  of  Amoy,  Avith  a 
population  of  300,000,  is  the  capital  of  another 
prefecture,  and  is  also  an  important  literary  centre. 
The  English  Presbyterians  carry  on  a large  and 


6 


The  Amoy  3Iissio7i,  Chma. 


most  promising  work  in  this  city.  Their  mis- 
sionary force  here  numbers  three  men  with  their 
families  and  four  unmarried  ladies.  Their  work 
includes  two  hospitals,  a Middle  School  for  boys, 
a girls’  boarding-school,  a woman’s  school  and 
the  two  churches  in  the  city  together  with  the 
churches  in  the  surrounding  towns. 

Tong-an,  at  the  head  of  the  estuary  reaching 
out  from  Amoy  to  the  north,  with  a population 
of  aboiit  40,000,  is  the  capital  of  a county.  Its 
principal  business  is  the  shipping  of  large  quanti- 
ties of  home-grown  opium,  which  is  ruining  the 
country  round  about. 

Chioh-be  is  a town  at  the  head  of  the  estuary 
reaching  out  from  Amoy  to  the  west.  It  extends 
a mile  along  the  river  bank,  and  is  a lively  busi- 
ness centre.  Twenty  miles  west  from  Chiang- 
chiu  is  another  busy  market  town,  Soa-sia,  which 
has  a trade  extending  to  the  limits  of  the 
province. 

Ten  miles  beyond  Soa-sia  and  sixty  miles  from 
Amoy  is  Sio-khe.  It  is  at  the  head  of  boat  navi- 
gation on  the  West  river,  and  is,  therefore,  an 
important  business  place  for  all  the  country  to 
the  west  and  south.  It  was  formerly  the  capital 
of  the  county  of  Lam-peng,  which  was  later 
divided  into  two  counties.  That  in  which  Sio-khe 
is  now  located  was  named  Peng-ho,  and  its  capital 
was  located  on  the  extreme  western  boundary,  in 
order  to  control  the  bandits  which  infested  the 
moimtains  there.  Sio-khe  has,  however,  remained 
the  business  and  important  centre  of  the  district. 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China.  7 

Its  population  is  abo\it  10,000.  It  lies  in  a large 
and  exceedingly  fertile  valley  with  a correspond- 
ingly large  population. 

The  People. — The  Chinese  of  South  Fukien  are 
a fine  race  physically.  “Their  constant  conflict 
with  rugged  hills  and  barren  soil  has  called  forth 
a spirit  of  enterprise  and  endurance  Avhich  has 
developed  an  energetic,  independent  and  self- 
reliant  race.  They  are  smaller  than  the  large- 
boned agriculturists  on  the  plains  of  the  north, 
who  are  heavy  in  their  movements  and  mentally 
dull  and  slothful.  They  are  more  like  the  inhab- 
itants of  Canton,  but  happily  lack  their  rudeness 
and  hatred  of  foreigners.”  Still  they  are  counted 
among  the  most  conservative  of  this  very  con- 
servative race.  The  literati  are  peculiarly  proud 
and  conceited.  Practically  all  the  emigration 
from  China  is  from  the  two  provinces  of  Canton 
and  Fukien.  Nearly  all  the  emigration  from  the 
Fukien  province  has  been  from  the  region  of 
Amoy,  and  in  the  early  months  of  the  year  the 
records  show  as  many  as  10,000  emigrants  leaving 
Amoy  in  a month.  These  emigrants  go  to  the 
Pliilippines,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Bangkok, 
Rangoon,  and  the  Dutch  East  Indies.  All  western 
Formosa  is  settled  by  Amoy  Chinese.  Wherever 
they  go,  they  are  the  shopkeepers  and  plantation 
workers. 

Language. — Fukien  is  noted  among  the  prov- 
inces of  China  for  the  great  number  of  its  local 
dialects  and  for  their  mutual  unintelligibility. 
The  Amoy  vernacular  is  spoken  by  five  million 


8 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

people  on  the  mainland  of  China,  and  is  under- 
stood throughout  all  the  districts  where  the  Re- 
formed Church  is  working.  The  surrounding 
dialects  differ  from  each  other  as  much  as  Eng- 
lish from  German  and  German  from  Dutch. 
“The  so-called  ‘written  language’  of  China  is 
indeed  uniform  throughout  the  whole  country; 
hut  it  is  rather  a notation  than  a language ; for 
this  universal  written  language  is  pronounced 
differently  when  read  aloud  in  the  different  parts 
of  China,  so  that  while  as  written  it  is  one,  as 
soon  as  it  is  pronounced  it  splits  into  several  lan- 
guages.” Of  this  written  langiiage,  Dr.  Morrison 
observes  that  “ Chinese  fine  writing  darts  upon 
the  mind  with  a vivid  flash,  a force  and  a beauty, 
of  which  alphabetic  language  is  incapable.” 

WORK  AND  WORKERS  OF  THE  PAST. 

The  Amoy  Mission  is  the  oldest  mission  of  the 
Reformed  Church  and  its  only  mission  in  China. 
The  English  fleet  bombarded  the  port  of  Amoy 
on  Aug.  27,  1841.  Their  troops  were  still  occu- 
pying the  island  of  Kolongsu  when  our  first 
missionary  in  Amoy,  the  Rev.  David  Abeel,  landed 
on  Feb.  24,  1842,  six  months  before  the  signing 
of  the  treaty  of  Nanking,  which  made  Amoy  and 
four  other  ports  open  to  the  commerce  of  the 
world.  He  had  labored  among  the  seamen  at 
Canton;  he  had  been  chaplain  for  the  foreign 
community  at  Singapore  for  a year ; he  had  made 
extensive  tours  to  Borneo,  Java  and  Siam  with  a 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China.  9 

view  to  the  establishment  of  missions  among  the 
Chinese,  who  had  emigrated  to  those  parts.  When 
the  war  threw  open  the  port  from  which  all  these 
emigrants  came,  he  immediately  went  there.  He 
began  his  work  in  a hired  hoiise,  nnder  an  over- 
shadowing banyan,  on  the  island  of  Ivolongsn. 
By  his  courtliness,  affability  and  manly  consecra- 
tion, he  won  the  favor  of  both  the  literary  and 
official  classes,  as  well  as  of  the  common  people. 
He  had  interested  hearers  from  the  beginning; 
but  his  health,  never  vigorous,  soon  utterly  failed, 
and  he  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1844, 
where  he  died  not  many  months  after. 

Before  Abeel  left.  Rev.  Elihu  Doty  and  Rev. 
William  Pohlman  came  to  Amoy.  They  had 
gone  out  from  our  Church  and  had  been  engaged 
in  missionary  work  among  the  Chinese  who  had 
settled  in  Borneo,  but  the  far  greater  opportunity 
now  open  for  missionary  work  among  the  Chinese 
in  China  itself  brought  them  to  Amoy.  On 
March  21,  1844,  a Bible  class  of  twelve  members 
had  been  organized.  On  Dec.  IG,  1845,  “ woman’s 
work  ” was  begun  by  the  organization  of  a special 
meeting  for  women.  The  first  fruits  were  gath- 
ered April  5,  184G,  when  two  converts  were  bap- 
tized and  received  on  confession  of  faith  in  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  The  son  of  one  of  these  first 
converts  is  now  (190G)  the  pastor  of  our  0-kang 
church.  Pohlman  will  always  be  remembered  as 
having  solicited  and  secured  $3,000  for  the  first 
Protestant  church  edifice  for  distinctively  Chinese 
worship  in  China.  He  superintended  its  erection 


10 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


at  Amoy  (Sin-koe-a)  in  1848,  and  the  substantial 
building  still  stands  and  Cbristian  congregations 
still  assemble  there.  He  went  to  Hongkong  to 
escort  an  invalid  sister  and  to  buy  furnishings  for 
the  new  church  building.  On  his  return  the  ship 
“Omega,”  in  which  he  sailed,  was  wrecked  off 
Breaker  Point,  120  miles  north  of  Hongkong,  and 
by  the  overturning  of  the  boat  in  which  he  and 
the  captain  and  part  of  the  crew  were  trying  to 
get  ashore,  he  was  drowned. 

Mr.  Doty  continued  .with  the  mission  for 
twenty  years,  and  by  his  character  and  work  left 
an  endiiring  impression.  Forty  years  after  his 
death,  he  is  still  affectionately  remembered  by 
the  older  Chinese  Christians.  He  was  privileged 
to  see  the  work  grow  from  year  to  year.  In  1856, 
the  First  Church  of  Amoy  (Sin-koe-a)  was  organ- 
ized. On  March  18,  1864,  for  the  first  time  in 
the  history  of  the  Church,  two  Chinese  were 
ordained  to  the  ministry.  One  of  these.  Rev.  Lo 
Ka-gu,  died  in  1870,  but  the  other,  our  grand  old 
man,  Rev.  lap  Han-chiong,  is  still  (1906)  in  active 
service,  known  and  honored  throughout  South 
Fukien. 

The  name  that  stands  out  preeminently  in 
connection  with  the  Amoy  Mission  is  that  of  Rev. 
John  Van  Nest  Talmage,  D.  D.  He  not  only 
helped  lay  the  foundations  but  built  thereon, 
and  never  knowingly,  through  upwards  of  forty 
years  of  service,  put  in  one  trowelful  of  untem- 
pered mortar.  He  was  a man  of  unusual  weight 
and  power  of  personality.  His  soundness  of 


PASTOR  lAP, 


12  The  Amoy  2Iission,  China. 

jiidgment  made  him  an  adviser  and  arbitrator 
whom  foreigners  and  Chinese  alike  sought,  and 
from  whose  advice  they  were  not  qnick  to  turn 
away.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of 
union  and  co-operation  in  foreign  missions,  and 
was  mainly  instrumental,  so  far  as  our  Chiu'ch 
was  concerned,  in  the  establishment  of  indepen- 
dent churches  on  foreign  mission  fields,  Avith 
wholly  autonomous  Classes  and  Synods.  Dr. 
Talmage’s  special  literary  achievement  was  the 
preparation  and  completion  of  a Character-Collo- 
qiiial  Dictionary  in  the  Amoy  language,  intended 
to  he  of  special  service  to  the  missionaries  and  the 
Chinese  Christian  Church.  In  the  midst  of  mul- 
tij^lied  duties  and  many  distractions  he  worked 
at  it  for  upwards  of  twenty  years.  To  him,  too, 
belongs  most  of  the  credit  for  the  introduction  of 
Romanized  Colloquial,  by  means  of  which  the 
whole  Bible  and  many  other  books  are  now  read 
by  many  Avho  other Avise  Avould  neA^er  haAm  been 
able  to  read  more  than  a few  paragraphs  of  some 
one  Bible  chapter.  Great  and  good  man,  fervent 
preacher,  inspiriog  teacher,  Avise  and  sympathetic 
counsellor,  generous  friend,  affectionate  father, 
the  fragrance  of  his  name  canwot  be  dissipated, 
the  memory  of  his  life  the  inultiplyiDg  years 
cannot  croAvd  out. 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje  joined  the  mission  in 
1858,  and  for  upAvards  of  forty  years  years  gaA'e 
most  faithful  and  efficient  serAuce  to  the  planting 
and  groAvth  of  the  Amoy  Church.  His  unusual 
acquaintance  with  the  Chinese  language,  both 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


13 


y 


written  and  spoken,  and  his  remarkable  accuracy 
and  facility  of  utterance,  made  him  a highly  re- 
spected and  much  valued  missionary. 

Rev  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D.,  went  to  Amoy 
in  1861,  and  returned  finally  to  America  in  1898. 
He  has  been  the  geographer  of  the  mission.  He 
put  as  much  painstaking  accuracy  into  his  maps 
as  Dr.  Talmage  did  into  his  dictionary.  He  was 
a constant  traveller  and  a pioneer  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  mission  stations  in  the  region  beyond 
Chiang-chiu.  Among  the  hundreds  of  towns  and 
villages  located  on  his  map  there  are  few  which 
he  himself  had  not  visited.  The  evangelization 
of  the  Sio-khe  and  tributary  valleys  is  due  princi- 
pally to  this  unwearied  touring  and  the  testi- 
mony, planning,  and  supervision  of  Dr.  Kip. 

To  these  men  the  privilege  was  given  of  not 
building  on  another  man’s  foundation.  When 
Dr.  Talmage  arrived  in  Amoy  there  Avere  no 
churches,  no  schools,  no  Christian  homes,  no  hos- 
pitals, and  only  three  coiiA^erts.  In  faith  and 
prayer  they  toiled.  When  at  the  close  of  the 
century  the  last  of  these  pioneers  had  been  com- 
pelled to  Avithdraw,  there  Avere  in  Amoy,  con- 
nected with  the  work  of  our  Mission  alone,  1,400 
converts,  eleven  organized  churches,  forty-seA^en 
preaching  places,  eleven  ordained  pastors  wholly 
supported  by  their  own  churches,  a theological 
seminary,  two  boarding  schools  for  boys,  five 
boarding  schools  for  Avomen  and  girls,  and  three 
hospitals.  How  that  Avork  greAV  from  year  to 
year  it  is  impossible  to  describe  in  this  Sketch,  if 


14  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

we  would  leave  room  to  write  of  the  work  that  is 
being  done  to-day.  Neither  can  we  mention  the 
names  of  all  the  other  men  and  women  who  have 
been  sent  out  by  the  Reformed  Church  to  do  its 
work  in  Amoy.  The  proportion  of  those  who 
could  not  endure  the  climate  and  were  compelled, 
by  reason  of  broken  health,  to  return  to  the 
United  States,  has  been  relatively  large.  Some 
have  passed  away,  and  others  are  still  living, 
who  would  gladly  have  given  their  whole  lives  to 
the  evangelization  of  China,  but  it  could  not  be. 

To  the  Reformed  Church  God  gave  remarkable 
men  of  unbounded  faith,  deep  piety,  and  marked 
ability,  to  found  its  Mission  in  China.  To  look 
back  at  their  labors,  to  see  what  God  hath 
wrought,  is  to  hear  the  voice  of  our  Lord  and 
Master  calling  us  to  a larger  faith  and  greater 
earnestness  in  hastening  the  completion  of  this 
great  work — “our  share  in  the  work  of  bringing- 
back  to  allegiance  to  our  Lord  this  the  greatest 
of  His  rebellious  provinces.” 

PRESENT  DAY  WORK. 

(A)  Church  Work. 

The  Amoy  Mission  began  as  a preaching  mis- 
sion. This  was  indicated  in  the  words  of  Mr. 
Pohlman  in  1846,  in  a paper  in  which  he  urged 
all  the  missionaries  coming  to  China  to  learn  to 
speak  the  language  accurately,  and  adds,  “ Be 
sure  you  are  understood,  then  preach,  preach, 
PREACH.”  This  principle  has  guided  the  mis- 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China.  15 

sioii  in  the  development  of  all  its  work,  and  now 
not  only  is  he  himself  a preacher,  but  also  the 
leader  of  a company  of  preachers.  He  is  settled 
in  a centre  of  a circuit  of  several  hundred  square 
miles  with  a million  or  more  population,  among 
whom  have  been  established  between  ten  and 
twenty  stations,  each  with  its  native  pastor  or 
preacher.  At  each  of  these  stations  the  full  work 
of  the  ministry  goes  on  continuously.  There  is 
daily  preaching  to  the  unconverted,  either  as 
they  visit  the  chapel  or  as  the  preacher  meets 
them  in  the  surrounding  villages.  There  is  even- 
ing worship  for  the  members  and  incjuirers. 
There  are  regular  services  every  Lord’s  Day. 
Round  the  circuit  of  these  stations  the  missionary 
itinerates  several  times  a year.  He  encourages, 
stimulates,  instructs  and  directs  the  preacher. 
He  exhorts  the  members,  examines  those  apply- 
ing for  church  membership,  and  dispenses  the 
sacraments.  He  sells  and  gives  away  thousands 
of  scripture  portions,  tracts,  and  other  evangel- 
istic literature,  and  has  much  opportunity  for 
preaching  directly  to  the  heathen.  In  this  way 
the  work  of  the  missionary  has  developed  from 
that  of  preaching  only  to  that  of  a bishop  or  su- 
perintendent of  a large  number  of  congregations, 
ministered  to  by  native  preachers,  and,  so  far  as 
possible,  governed  by  native  consistories,  who  ex- 
ercise practically  all  the  authority  with  regard  to 
the  admission  and  discipline  of  church  members. 
As  much  work  as  possible  is  devolved  on  the 
capable  native,  who  can  do  most  of  it  more  efb- 


16  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

» 

ciently  than  can  any  foreigner.  “We  believe 
that  in  this  manner  we  are  the  real  successors  of 
the  Apostles.  We  follow  the  footsteps  of  the 
great  missionary  to  the  Gentiles,  whose  modes  of 
work  are  recorded  in  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles. 
We  believe  that  every  missionary  sent  out  by  the 
'Church  should  be  not  the  pastor  of  any  native 
congregation  but  an  Imitator  of  Paul.  From  this 
can  be  inferred  what  manner  of  man  the  mission- 
ary should  be,  intellectually,  physically,  and  spir- 
itually.” (See  Ross’  “Missionary  Methods  in 
Manchuria.”) 

In  addition  to  this  work  of  preaching,  the 
missionary  is  still  compelled  to  do  much  work  in 
the  organization  of  the  growing  Church  and  the 
ecclesiastical  work  of  Classis  and  Synod.  Such 
work  in  Amoy  has  always  been  governed  by  the 
principle  that  the  Chinese  Church  must  as  rapidly 
as  possible  become  a truly  independent,  self-sup- 
porting, self-governing,  self-propagating  Church. 
In  one  paragraph  we  can  merely  suggest  some  of 
the  methods  employed  to  accomplish  all  these 
ideals.  The  opening  of  new  stations  is  deter- 
mined by  the  missionaries  with  the  advice  of  na- 
tive pastors.  These  stations  are  organized  into 
groups,  which  form  one  church  organization  with 
a membership  of  seventy-five  or  one  hundred 
communicants.  As  these  numbers  increase  by 
the  admission  of  new  members  or  by  the  opening 
of  new  stations,  they  are  divided  and  sub-divided, 
forming  new  church  organizations.  Each  group 
of  stations  unites  in  the  support  of  a minister. 


17 


The  Avioy  3Iission,  China. 

who,  together  with  the  consistory,  representing 
the  stations,  is  responsible  for  the  government  of 
the  church.  The  finances  of  this  organization 
are  all  borne  by  the  native  church  itself.  The 
mission  has  never  paid  a cent  to  the  salary  of 
the  pastor  of  any  church.  It  only  assists  these 
churches  by  appointing  preachers  or  evangelists 
for  the  out-stations,  and  paying  their  salaries. 
This  year  (1906)  the  Synod  has  adoihed  a plan  by 
which  it  is  hoped  that  the  churches  will  also 
gradually  assume  the  salaries  of  these  preachers, 
and  it  is  expected  that,  in  a comparatively  short 
time,  no  more  American  money  will  be  needed 
for  the  support  of  native  evangelistic  workers. 
The  missionary’s  evangelistic  work  will  not  then 
be  at  an  end,  for  he  will  still  have  the  privilege 
of  working  with  these  men,  and  helping  them  so 
far  as  his  training  and  ability  make  that  possible. 
So  the  local  church  governs  itself,  and  will  soon 
wholly  support  itself.  In  1905,  1590  members 
contributed  $10,829.12  Mex.,  which  is  an  average 
gift  of  $6.81  per  member,  which  represents  be- 
tween eight  and  ten  per  cent  of  the  annual  in- 
come of  the  average  church  member.  In  the 
building  of  churches  and  parsonages  the  mission 
also  insists  that  the  local  church  must  give  to  the 
full  extent  of  its  ability  and  always  at  least  one- 
third  of  the  total  cost. 

These  churches  are  all  organized  into  Clasess 
and  Synod  on  true  presbyterian  principles.  In 
this  ecclesiastical  organization,  our  churches  are 
organically  united  with  those  established  by  the 


18  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

mission  of  tlie  Presbyterian  Church  of  England. 
Together  they  form  an  independent  Chinese 
Church,  whose  doctrine  has  been  summed  up  in 
a short  creed  of  eight  articles,  which  is  in  com- 
plete harmony  with  the  standards  of  the  two 
home  churches.  Evidences  of  the  far-sighted- 
ness of  the  early  missionaries,  and  the  wisdom  of 
the  home  churches  in  proposing  and  approving 
such  an  organization  were  never  more  conspicu- 
ous than  at  the  present  time,  when  in  various 
parts  of  China  there  is  manifested  a spirit  of  dis- 
content and  a desire  for  independence  of  foreign 
connection  and  control,  and  attempts  are  made  to 
organize  new  churches,  separate  from  those  estab- 
lished by  the  missions.  By  reason  of  the  nature 
of  our  Church  organization,  agitation  of  this  kind 
has  been  almost  entirely  avoided  in  Amoy,  and 
we  cannot  be  too  grateful  to  the  men  who  in  the 
laying  of  the  foundations  of  this  Church  planned 
and  wrought  so  well.  In  Classis  and  Synod,  the 
missionaries,  by  constitutional  right,  enjoy  the 
same  privileges  and  powers  that  the  native  min- 
ister does.  They  have  a part  in  all  deliberations, 
voting  and  holding  office,  yet  not  subject  to  their 
discipline.  This  unique  position  has  been  main- 
tained for  more  than  forty  years  ; but  it  is  clear 
that  it  is  only  a temporary  position,  continuing 
so  long  as  the  infant  Church  is  immature  and  in- 
experienced. The  first  Classis  was  organized  in 
1862,  on  the  2d  of  April,  which  is  thus  a memor- 
able date,  for  this  is  the  first  Classis  or  Presbytery 
that  ever  met  in  this  great  Empire.  In  1893  this 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China.  19 

Classis  was  divided  into  two,  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  a Synod  of  South  Fukien  was  completed. 
The  time  is  rapidly  approaching  when  these 
Classes  must  be  again  divided.  Plans  are  also 
being  developed  by  which  this  Synod  will  be 
united  with  other  similar  Synods  in  China  to 
form  one  great  Presbyterian  Church  in  China. 

For  the  number  of  churches,  communicants, 
pastors,  and  other  statistics,  it  is  best  to  refer  to 
the  annual  report  made  to  the  Board,  for  these 
figures  grow  larger  each  year.  The  Church  is 
propagating  itself  by  the  work  of  its  own  indi- 
vidual members.  It  has  also  organized  its  own 
Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  which  is  supporting- 
stations  and  preachers  on  several  of  the  larger 
islands  along  the  coast.  Its  work  has  been  largely 
blessed,  and  some  of  its  stations  have  already  at- 
tained the  stage  of  self-support  and  are  (1906) 
preparing  to  call  their  own  minister.  In  1905  this 
Board  received  from  churches  and  other  sources 
the  total  sum  of  $15,046.72  Mex.,  about  $7,526.00 
U.  S.  gold. 

The  work  of  the  ladies  of  the  mission  must 
also  be  mentioned  in  this  account  of  the  Church 
work,  for  beside  their  work  in  schools  they  visit 
the  homes  of  the  people  and  tell  the  Gospel  story 
over  and  over  again.  In  this  way  they  succeed 
in  reaching  many  women  who,  secluded  as  they 
are  in  their  homes,  could  otherwise  have  little 
opportunity  of  learning  about  the  Lord  Jesus. 
“Were  the  women  only  converted,  we  believe 
that  idolatry  would  soon  cease  out  of  the  land.” 
(Muirhead.) 


20  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

The  other  two  Missions  in  South  Fukien  must 
also  be  named  here.  They  are  the  London  Mis- 
sionary Society,  whose  first  missionaries  came  to 
Amoy  in  1844;  and  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
England,  who  first  came  in  1851.  These  two, 
with  onr  own  mission,  as  an  illustration  of  Chris- 
tian comity,  and  for  the  better  prosecution  of 
their  respective  work,  have  divided  all  South 
Fukien  into  three  well  defined  sections  within 
whose  hounds  each  mission  is  to  carry  on  its 
work.  This  makes  the  Reformed  Chiarch  spe- 
cifically responsible  for  the  evangelization  of  at 
least  three  million  people. 

(B)  School  Work. 

Educational  work  includes  the  teaching  of 
inepurers  and  new  converts  how  to  read  the  Bible. 
It  is  possible,  by  reason  of  the  peculiar  genius  of 
the  Chinese  language,  for  a man  to  know  enough 
character  writing  to  make  out  a business  an- 
nouncement and  write  a bxisiness  letter,  to  whom 
the  characters  and  combinations  of  characters 
constituting  the  religious  vocabulary  are  an  un- 
explainable puzzle.  Hence,  more  or  less  educa- 
tive work  of  this  kind,  teaching  them  how  to 
read  the  Bible  intelligently,  must  be  done  among 
all  classes  all  the  time. 

Parochial  schools  were  begun  as  soon  as  the 
number  of  children  connected  with  Christian 
families  seemed  to  justify  the  additional  expense 
of  money  and  labor.  There  is  now  a primary 
school  in  connection  with  all  the  churches  and 


The  Amoy  hSLission,  China.  21 

larger  out-stations.  If  any  place  can  guarantee 
an  attendance  of  ten  i)ui:»ils  and  a third  of  the 
teacher’s  salary,  the  mission  is  willing  to  provide 
the  teacher  and  pay  the  balance  of  his  salary. 
These  schools  are  under  the  control  of  Synod  and 
the  Classes.  A prescribed  course  of  study  has 
been  prepared  by  Synod,  which  conforms  to  the 
government  standard  so  far  as  secular  studies  are 
concerned.  On  Kolongsu  the  mission  has  also  a 
Boy’s  Primary  Boarding  School,  at  present  and 
for  years  under  the  care  of  Miss  K.  M.  Talmage. 

These  parochial  schools  are  almost  entirely  for 
boys,  and  in  only  a few  of  them  are  there  found 
two  or  three  little  girls.  To  provide  opportuni- 
ties for  the  girls,  the  mission  has  established 
boarding  schools  on  Kolongsu,  in  Chiang-chiu, 
Sio-khe  and  Tong-an,  and  day  schools  in  Amoy 
and  a few  other  places,  wherever  the  number  of 
pupils  warrants  such  a school.  These  schools  in- 
clude both  primary  and  secondary  grades,  and 
teach  sewing  and  simple  household  duties  as  well. 
Their  influence  is  felt  far  and  wide  for  good  in 
the  homes  of  the  Christian  Chinese,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  powerful  forces  which  must  transform 
Chinese  home  life.  These  schools  are  entirely 
under  the  control  of  the  mission.  Tuition  fees 
are  charged,  but  every  case  is  considered  on  its 
own  merits,  and  no  girl,  with  proper  credentials, 
is  ever  turned  away  on  account  of  poverty. 

On  Kolongsu,  there  is  also  the  Charlotte  W. 
Duryee  Bible  School,  founded  in  1884  and  con- 
ducted by  Mrs.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage,  which  draws 


22  The  Amoy  Mission^  China. 

together  under  its  roof  women  from  many  places 
in  the  Amoy  region,  who  never  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  any  schooling  in  their  childhood  and 
wish,  now  that  they  are  Christians  and  have  the 
opportunity,  to  learn  to  read  and  understand  the 
Bible  for  themselves. 

In  1881  the  beginnings  of  a boys’  academy 
were  made.  This  is  known  as  the  Middle  School. 
During  the  past  twenty  years,  297  boys  have  re- 
ceived instruction  in  this  institution.  Of  these, 
forty-five  are  now  engaged  in  teaching,  forty-five 
are  preachers,  nine  are  ordained  ministers,  one  is 
a licentiate,  forty-two  are  doctors  or  druggists, 
having  for  the  most  part  received  further  training 
in  the  missionary  hosj^itals.  The  grade  of  the 
school  is  about  equivalent  to  that  of  high  schools 
or  academies  in  Amex’ica.  It  has  always  been  a 
union  school,  supported  jointly  by  our  mission 
and  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission.  Now 
(1906),  plans  are  completed  and  partially  ap- 
proved by  the  three  Home  Boards,  according  to 
which  the  London  Missionary  Society  will  also 
unite  their  Middle  School  with  this  in  one  insti- 
tution. At  the  same  time,  in  response  to  the 
new  demands  for  western  education  and  teachers 
qualified  to  give  such  instruction,  a normal  course 
is  being  developed  as  fast  as  our  very  small  force 
of  workers  permits.  The  school  occupies  the  fine 
building,  the  Talmage  Memorial  Hall,  the  funds 
for  which  were  raised  by  Rev,  P.  W.  Pitcher, 
and  which  occupies  one  of  the  most  commanding 
sites  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu.  The  building  is 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China.  23 

now  used  to  its  full  capacity,  and  the  enlarge- 
ment of  our  educational  work,  which  must  come 
with  the  new  educational  movement  in  the 
empire,  demands  that  a fully  developed  plan  he 
adopted  which  shall  provide  larger  buildings  for 
this  school  and  the  Kolongsu  Boys’  Primary 
School,  as  well  as  the  Boys’  Schools  in  each  of 
of  our  missionary  centres. 

The  Theological  Seminary  is  also  a union  in- 
stitution, in  which  the  students  of  both  the  Eng- 
lish Presbyterian  Mission  and  our  own  mission 
are  given  a three  years’  course  in  Systematic  The- 
ology, Exposition  of  Scripture,  the  Art  of  Preach- 
ing and  some  of  the  Chinese  Classics.  Men  of 
character,  ability  and  consecration  have  gone  out 
from  this  institution  and  are  now  serving  the 
churches.  The  buildings  occupied  by  the  Sem- 
inary were  erected  by  and  are  the  property  of  the 
English  Presbyterian  Mission.  A similar  propo- 
sition for  still  broader  union  in  this  school,  which 
shall  also  include  the  London  Missionary  Society, 
has  been  laid  before  the  home  authorities.  It  has 
been  a cause  of  deep  regret  to  the  mission,  that 
on  account  of  the  small  force  of  men  on  the  field, 
it  has  been  unable  for  many  years  to  appoint  one 
of  them  to  share  in  the  work  of  training  our 
future  preachers  and  pastors,  and  each  year  we 
owe  a greater  debt  of  gratitude  to  our  brethren 
of  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission,  as  they 
undertake  our  share  as  well  as  their  own  in  this 
work. 

Beside  these  institutions,  and  in  order  to  en- 


24  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

courage  our  j'reacliers  to  continue  their  studies, 
the  mission  each  year  sends  out  a list  of  subjects 
upon  which  they  are  required,  unless  specially 
excused,  to  pass  examinations.  For  the  school 
teachers,  institutes  are  held  from  time  to  time. 

(C)  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries. 

Medical  work  by  missionaries  was  begun  in 
Amoy  as  early  as  June,  1842.  However,  our  own 
medical  work  must  date  from  1889,  when  Neer- 
boscli  Hospital  Avas  opened  in  Sio-khe  by  Dr.  J.  A. 
Otte.  This  hospital  has  proved  a most  effective 
agency  in  breaking  down  prejudice  and  opening 
the  way  to  many  homes  and  villages  for  the 
preaching  of  the  Gospel.  But  we  must  again 
record  our  deep  regret  because,  for  lack  of  workers, 
this  hospital,  during  a period  of  twelve  years,  has 
been  open  less  than  five  years. 

On  Dr.  Otte’s  return  to  China  in  1897,  Hope 
Hospital  and  the  Netherlands  Woman’s  Hospital 
were  built  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu,  at  the 
meeting-point  of  junk  and  river-boat  traffic  from 
manj^  directions,  just  opposite  the  citj’'  of  Amoy. 
In  connection  with  these  hospitals,  a dispensary 
is  maintained  and  a limited  number  of  in-patients 
are  received  in  a building  adjoining  the  Tek  chhiu- 
kha  church,  in  Amoy  City.  In  1905,  these  hos- 
pitals were  both  enlarged,  and  in  recognition  of 
the  friendliness  of  the  queen  and  the  liberal  sup- 
port of  the  friends  in  the  Netherlands,  the  Wom- 
an’s Hospital  is  now  known  as  the  Wilhelmina 
Hospital.  Its  expenses  are  borne  entirely  by  the 


The  Amoy  hSIissiou,  China. 


25 


friends  in  the  Netherlands,  who  have  also  sent 
out  and  support  a nurse  in  the  hospital.  Hope 
Hospital,  excepting  only  the  doctor’s  salary,  has 


HOPE  AND  WILHELMINA  HOPITALS. 


26 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


been  self-supporting  for  a immber  of  years.  Local 
fees  and  donations  have  met  all  expenses. 

Owing  to  local  customs,  the  women  in  the 
Sio-khe  region  are  exceptionally  secluded,  and, 
therefore,  are  reached  with  the  Gospel  message 
only  with  great  difficulty.  For  this  reason,  a 
W Oman’s  Hospital,  under  Miss  Elisabeth  H. 
Blauvelt,  M.  D.,  was  opened  in  the  Fall  of  1906. 
The  funds  for  a new  building  to  accommodate 
this  work  are  already  on  hand. 

These  hospitals  are  “ keys  which  unlock  many 
Chinese  hearts  closely  sealed  against  all  other 
influences.  It  is  when  sick,  weak  and  helifless, 
that  the  love  and  comfort  of  the  Gospel  appeal 
most  strongly  to  all.  * * * Chinese  medical 
science  is  little  better  than  a parody  on  what  it 
professes.  Surgerj^  is  practically  unknown.  Chi- 
nese medicines  are  nauseous,  expensive,  and  for 
the  most  part  inert.  Superstition  vitiates  every 
kind  of  treatment.  Nursing  is  a ‘lost  art’  never 
discovered.  Foods  for  the  sick  are  everything 
which  they  should  not  be,  and  dieting  is  both 
inconceivable  and  impossible.  Antiseptics  are  as 
unknown  as  the  X-rays,  and  in  the  absence  of 
sanitation,  ventilation,  proi)er  clothing,  isolation 
and  general  common  sense,  nothing  but  a strong 
cojistitution  and  the  mercy  of  God  prevents  all 
patients  from  dying  daily  of  unconscious  but  age- 
long violation  of  all  the  laws  of  nature.  One’s 
faith  in  the  germ  theory  of  disease  is  much  shaken 
by  the  unassailable  fact  that  the  Chinese  race 
still  survives.”  (Rex  Christus). 


27 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

(D)  Literary  Work. 

To  our  own  mission,  at  least  in  its  initiatory 
stages,  is  due  the  Romanization  of  the  Amoy 
vernacular,  though  it  would  never  have  reached 
its  present  usefulness  without  the  hearty  and 
combined  co-operation  of  the  other  two  missions. 
This  work  was  begun  in  1853.  “ It  was  nothing 

less  than  the  formation  of  a new  written  language, 
or,  to  be  more  precise,  the  transformation  of  an 
ideographic  language  into  one  composed  of  Roman 
letters.  It  marked  a revolution  in  the  mode  of 
conveying  thought  through  the  Amoy  vernacular. 
It  opened  a channel  for  acquiring  information  to 
hundreds  and  thousands,  if  not  millions,  in  the 
days  to  come,  who  otherwise  would  have  been 
debarred  from  gaining  any  knowledge  at  all. 

The  work  of  Dr.  Talmage  in  preparing  his 
dictionary  has  been  described  in  another  connec- 
tion above.  The  other  members  of  the  mission 
had  a prominent  share  in  the  preparation  of  the 
Bible  in  the  Amoy  Romanized  Colloquial,  and  in 
1905  the  preparation  of  an  edition  of  the  New 
Testament  with  references  was  done  almost  en- 
tirely by  the  members  of  our  own  mission.  A 
number  of  text-books,  both  in  Chinese  character 
and  Amoy  Romanized,  have  been  prepared  by 
our  missionaries.  The  number  of  books  in  the 
Romanized  Colloquial  is  now  more  than  fifty 
volumes,  and  more  than  half  of  these  were  trans- 
lated or  written  by  our  own  workers.  Much 
more  of  this  work  would  have  been  done  had  not 
the  pressure  of  other  work  prevented. 


28  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

PRESENT  OPPORTUNITY— IMPERATIVE  DUTY. 

‘ ‘ The  Chinese  Empire  is  by  far  the  most  ex- 
tensive field  ever  opened  to  the  conquests  of  the 
Church  of  God.  Gibbon  estimated  that  the 
Roman  Empire  contained  120,000,000  persons; 
hut  it  is  certain  that  China  has  a population  be- 
tween three  and  four  times  as  great.  ” The  present 
transition  state  through  which  this  great  empire 
is  passing  as  it  enters  the  twentieth  century, 
presents  to  the  Christian  Church  a greater  oppor- 
tunity than  has  ever  been  offered  to  it.  A fourth 
of  the  human  race  is  laying  aside  age-long  cus- 
toms, is  reforming  its  government,  is  adopting  a 
new  system  of  education.  The  country  has  cast 
off  its  old  moorings,  old  China  is  passing  away; 
and  the  question  presses — what  course  will  the 
cox;ntry  steer,  and  what  will  new  China  be  ? A 
multitude  of  forces  are  actively  influencing  China 
to-day.  Oh,  that  the  Church  of  Christ  woixld 
arise  in  all  the  power  of  His  might  and,  becoming 
the  strongest  among  all  these  forces,  make  China 
a God-fearing,  Christian  nation! 

A glance  at  the  accompanying  map  shows  how 
limited  a field  has  been  assigned  to  us  by  mutual 
agreement  with  other  denominations,  and  it  also 
shows  how  much  still  remains  where  the  Gospel 
of  Jesus  Christ  is  not  preached.  To  evangelize 
our  whole  field,  and  to  do  our  share  in  the  theo- 
logical seminary  in  the  training  of  the  men  who 
shall  do  most  of  the  preaching,  five  ordained 
men,  giving  all  their  time  to  this  work,  would  be 
a full  force.  Five  other  men,  physicians  and 


The  Aiiloij  Mission,  China.  29 

educationists,  and  tlie  present  number  of  ladies 
for  work  among  women  sliould  be  kept  on  the 
field.  With  this  force,  kept  good  by  the  filling 
of  vacancies  as  they  arise  and  the  ultimate  ad- 
dition of  one  or  two  men  for  educational  service 
with  the  anticipated  development  of  that  work, 
the  field  occupied  by  the  Amoy  Mission  would  be 
well  supplied  with  foreign  workers.  As  regards 
financial  needs,  the  native  Church  is  preparing  to 
assume  the  full  support  of  all  its  evangelistic 
workers,  and  it,  therefore,  remains  for  the  Re- 
formed Church  to  supply  the  money  only  for  the 
work  of  its  own  missionaries  and  the  support  of 
its  educational  work  in  so  far  as  this  is  not  met 
by  the  fees  of  the  students.  To  meet  these  de- 
mands, and  all  special  appeals  for  needed  equijD- 
ment  of  land  and  buildings,  the  Church  has  but 
to  continue  her  benevolent  offerings,  as  these 
have  been  liberally  and  increasingly  given  from 
year  to  year  in  the  past. 

Until  our  full  duty  in  China,  specified  and 
limited  as  it  is,  is  done,  there  should  be  for  us 
neither  rest  nor  satisfaction.  In  1849  (almost 
sixty  years  ago),  Dr.  Talmage  wrote:  “God’s 
dealings  with  this  mission  would  seem  to  be 
enough  to  arouse  the  Church.  Heretofore  He 
has  given  success  to  His  servants.  He  has  given 
us  favor  with  the  authorities  and  with  the  people. 
The  Church  has  seemed  to  be  satisfied  with  this. 
She  has  thanked  God  for  His  smiles,  but  has 
made  little  effort  to  increase  the  number  of  her 
laborers  as  fast  as  the  demand  for  them  in- 


30 


The  Amoy  2Iission,  China. 


creased.”  With  emphasis,  the  Amoy  Mission 
can  repeat  these  words,  almost  unchanged,  to-day. 
Will  the  Reformed  Church  permit  this  for  many 
years  more  ? The  mission  has  for  many  years 
been  seriously  undermanned.  The  present  un- 
paralleled opportunities  emphasize  the  need  for 
strong  reinforcement,  in  order  that  the  Reformed 
Church  may  fulfill  its  responsibility  in  the  Em- 
pire of  China. 

MISSIONARIES  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH 
IN  AMERICA  TO  AMOY,  CHINA. 


WENT  OUT, 

RETIRED. 

Rev.  David  Abeel,  D.D., 

1842 

1845* 

Rev.  Elihu  Doty, 

1844 

1865* 

Mrs.  Eleanor  (Ackley)  Doty, 

1844 

1845* 

Mrs.  Mary  (Smith)  Doty, 

1847 

1858* 

Rev.  W.  J.  Pohlman, 

1844 

1849* 

Mrs.  Theodosia  R.  (Scudder) 

Pohlman, 

1844 

1845* 

Rev.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage,  D.D., 

1847 

1892* 

Mrs.  Abby  F.  (Woodruff)  Talmage, 

1850 

1862* 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  (Van  Deventer) 

Talmage, 

1865 

Rev.  J.  S.  Joralrnon, 

1855 

i860* 

Mrs.  J.  S.  Joralrnon, 

1855 

i860 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje, 

1858 

1901 

Mrs.  Alice  (Ostrom)  Rapalle, 

1878 

1901 

Rev.  Alvin  Ostrom, 

1858 

1864 

Mrs.  Susan  (Webster)  Ostrom, 

1858 

1864 

Rev.  John  E-  Watkins, 

i860 

1S60** 

Mrs.  John  E.  Watkins, 

i860 

i860** 

Miss  Caroline  E.  Adriance, 

1859 

1864* 

Rev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D,, 

1861 

1901* 

Mrs.  Helen  (Culbertson)  Kip, 

1865 

Rev.  Augustus  Blauvelt, 

1861 

1864* 

Mrs.  Jennie  (Zabriskie)  Blauvelt, 

1861 

1864 

Rev.  J.  Howard  Van  Doren, 

1864 

1873* 

Rev.  John  A.  Davis, 

1868 

1871* 

Mrs.  Emma  C.  (Wyckoff)  Davis, 

1868 

1871 

Miss  Helen  M.  Van  Doren, 

1870 

1877 

The  Amoy  Jlission, 

China. 

31 

WENT  OUT. 

RETIRED. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Talmage, 

1874 

Miss  Katharine  M.  Talmage, 

1874 

Rev.  David  M.  Talmage, 

1877 

1880 

Rev.  Alexander  S.  Van  Dyck, 

1882 

1896 

Mrs.  Alice  (Kip)  Van  Dyck, 

1886 

1896 

Rev.  Philip  W.  Pitcher, 

1885 

Mrs.  Anna  F.  (Merritt)  Pitcher, 

1885 

Miss  Y.  May  King,  M.D., 

1887 

1888 

Rev.  John  A.  Otte.  M.D., 

1887 

Mrs.  F.  C.  (Phelps)  Otte, 

1887 

Rev.  John  G.  Fagg, 

1887 

1894 

Mrs.  Margaret  (^Gillespie)  Fagg, 

1889 

1894 

Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Cappon, 

1891 

Miss  Nellie  Zwemer, 

1891 

Miss  Margaret  C.  Morrison, 

1892 

Miss  Lily  N.  Duryee, 

1894 

I.  S.  F.  Dodd,  M.D., 

1894 

1895 

Mrs,  Mary  (Carpenter)  Dodd, 

1894 

1895 

Rev.  A.  D.  D.  Fraser, 

1S95 

1898 

F.  T.  B.  Fest,  M.D., 

i8g6 

i8g8 

Mrs.  Emmy  M.  (HartwigI  Fest, 

1896 

i8g8 

Rev.  Hobart  E.  Studley, 

1896 

1903 

Mrs.  Edith  J.  (Holbrow)  Studley, 

1898 

1903 

Miss  M.  Van  B.  Calkoen, 

1896 

1899 

C.  Otto  Stumpf,  M.D., 

1899 

Mrs.  Eleanor  (Barwood)  Stumpf, 

1899 

Miss  Angie  M.  Myers,  M.D.. 

1899 

1904 

Miss  Louise  Brink, 

1899 

1902 

Rev.  A.  L.  Warnshuis, 

I goo 

Mrs.  Anna  (De  Vries)  Warnshuis, 

1900 

Rev.  D.  C.  Ruigh, 

1902 

1905 

Mrs.  Christine  (Carst)  Ruigh, 

1904 

1905 

Rev.  H.  P.  Boot. 

1903 

Mrs.  Nettie  (Kleinheksel)  Boot, 

1903 

Rev.  Frank  Eckerson, 

1903 

Miss  Susan  R.  Duryee, 

1903 

1905 

Miss  Alice  Duryee, 

1903 

Miss  Elisabeth  R.  Blauvelt, 

1905 

Miss  Gertrude  Wonnink, 

1906 

In  addition.  Miss  Marie  Kranenburg  was  sent  out  in  1905 
as  a trained  nurse,  by  the  Netherlands  Committee, 

* Deceased. 

**  Rev.  John  E.  Watkins  and  his  wife  sailed  from  New  York 
to  join  the  Mission  in  i860,  and  were  never  heard  from. 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  AMOY  MISSION  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH 

IN  AMERICA. 


32 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


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Contributions,  I477  $964  $1,288  $2,900  $4,892  $7,491  $5,445 


A QUironirlf  of  iBpginntttgs  in  Amng. 


1663.  Captured  by  Dutch,  assisting  Manchus. 
1678.  East  India  Company  builds  a factory. 
1832.  R.  C.  A.  co-operating  with  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 
1836.  (Sept.  15)  R.  C.  A.  missionaries  arrive  at 
Batavia,  Java. 

1839.  They  locate  in  Borneo. 

1812.  (Feb.  21)  Abeel  arrived  in  Amoy. 

1811.  (April)  Doty  and  Pohlman  leave  Borneo, 
and  arrive  in  Amoy  on  June  22. 

1814.  (Sept.)  Missionaries  moved  from  Ko- 
longsu  to  Amoy  City. 

1816.  (April  5)  First  two  converts  baptized. 

1817.  Talmage  arrived. 

1819.  (Feb.  11)  Sin-koe-a  church  dedicated. 

1850.  (Dec.  22)  Tek-chhiu-kha  opened. 

1853.  U Teng-ang,  first  Amoy  martyr,  be- 
headed. 

1851.  Chioh-be  opened. 

1856.  Sin-koe-a  elects  consistory — fully  organ- 
ized. 

18-57.  R.  C.  A.  Independent  Board. 

1862.  Classis  organized. 

1863.  First  ministers  called  and  ordained  in 

1861. 

1867.  Mission  buys  site  on  Kolongsu. 

1886.  Missionary  house  built  at  Sio-khe,  first 
country  station. 

1889.  Hospital  opened  in  Sio-khe. 

1892.  Synod  organized. 


Books  Referring  to  Jlmoy  mission 


History  of  Amoy  Mission,  . . P.  W.  Pitcher 

Forty  Years  in  South  China,  . . J.  G.  Fagg 

The  Biography  of  Dr.  Talmage. 

Far  Hence,  . . . . , H.  N Cobb 

Chinese  Slave  Girl,  . . . . J.  A.  Davis 

Tells  how  gospel  entered  Sio-khe  Valley. 

China  and  Formosa,  . . . James  Johnston 

Describes  work  of  English  Presbyterians  in  Amoy. 

Rex  Christus,  . . . . A.  H.  Smith 

Dawn  on  the  Hills  of  T’ang,  . . H.  P.  Beach 

Middle  Kingdom,  . . . S.  Wells  Williams 

Pp.  127-137  of  Vol.  I.  refer  to  Amoy. 

History  of  Protestant  Missions  in  China, 

China  (a  brief ’ sketch). 

New  Forces  in  Old  China, 

Educational  Conquest  of  the  East, 

Atlas  and  Geography  of  Missions,  . 

Leaflets  published  by  the  Boards. 

I 


. D.  W.  Lyon 
J.  T.  Gracey 
A.  J.  Brown 
R.  E.  Lewis 
H.  P.  Beach 


